Industrial electronics is a branch of electronics that deals
with power electronic devices such as thyristors, SCRs, AC/DC drives, meters,
sensors, analyzers, load cells automatic test equipment, mulitimeters, data
recorders, relays, resistors, semiconductors, transistors, waveguides, scopes,
amplifiers, radio frequency (RF) circuit boards, timers, counters, etc. It
covers all of the methods and facets of: control systems, instrumentation,
mechanism and diagnosis, signal processing and automation of various industrial
applications. The core research areas of industrial electronics include
electrical power machine designs, power conditioning and power semiconductor
devices. A lot of consideration is given to power economy and energy management
in consumer electronic products.
Automation or automatic control, is the use of various
control systems for operating equipment such as machinery, processes in
factories, boilers and heat treating ovens, switching on telephone networks,
steering and stabilization of ships, aircraft and other applications and
vehicles with minimal or reduced human intervention. Some processes have been
completely automated.
Automation has been achieved by various means including
mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, electronic devices and computers,
usually in combination. Complicated systems, such as modern factories,
airplanes and ships typically use all these combined techniques. The biggest
benefit of automation is that it saves labor; however, it is also used to save
energy and materials and to improve quality, accuracy and precision.
The term automation, inspired by the earlier word automatic
(coming from automaton), was not widely used before 1947, when Ford established
an automation department. It was during this time that industry was rapidly
adopting feedback controllers, which were introduced in the 1930s.
Although “lights-out” manufacturing, a concept in which the
lights can be switched off leaving everything to the robots, is still a dream,
remarkable progress has been made since the 1980s. Many repetitive and high
precision work in large factories, such as in car assembly lines, have been
taken over by industrial robots.
Today’s industrial robots have high computing capabilities,
vastly improved vision systems, and increasing operational degrees of freedom.
However, they are limited to operating in highly structured environments and,
to a large extent, still need to be controlled by humans. They are also too
specialized and inflexible for the use of small and medium industries.
Therefore, they can essentially be considered tools of long production runs and
large manufacturers.
With the rapid development and proliferation of
microcomputer and software technologies, automation in manufacturing is almost
totally dependent on the capabilities of computers and software to automate,
optimize and integrate the various components of the manufacturing system. Due
to this dependence, automation in manufacturing is called computer integrated
manufacturing.
Industrial technology
Industrial technology is the use of engineering and
manufacturing technology to make production faster, simpler and more
efficient.The industrial technology field employs creative and technically
proficient individuals who can help a company achieve efficient and profitable
productivity.
Industrial Technology programs typically include instruction
in optimization theory, human factors, organizational behavior, industrial
processes, industrial planning procedures, computer applications, and report
and presentation preparation.
Planning and designing manufacturing processes and equipment
is a main aspect of being an industrial technologist. An Industrial
Technologist is often responsible for implementing certain designs and
processes. Industrial Technology involves the management, operation, and
maintenance of complex operation systems.
Technological development in industry
A major
subject of study is technological development in industry. This has been
defined as:
- the introduction of new tools and techniques for
performing given tasks in production, distribution, data processing
(etc.);
- the mechanization of the production process, or the
achievement of a state of greater autonomy of technical production systems
from human control, responsibility, or intervention;
- changes in the nature and level of integration of
technical production systems, or enhanced interdependence;
- the development, utilization, and application of
new scientific ideas, concepts, and information in production and other
processes; and
- enhancement of technical performance capabilities,
or increase in the efficiency of tools, equipment, and techniques in
performing given tasks.
Studies in
this area often employ a multi-disciplinary research methodology and shade off
into the wider analysis of business and economic growth (development, performance). The studies
are often based on a mixture of industrial field research and desk-based data
analysis and aim to be of interest and use to practitioners in business
management and investment. The focus has been on not
only the nature and factors facilitating and hampering the introduction and
utilization of new technologies but also the impact of new technologies on the
production organization (etc.) of firms and various social and other wider
aspects of the technological development process.
How and When
Technological development in industry Performed:
- Technological Processes based always on (Material,
Equipment, Human skills and operating circumstances.
- So, If any of these parameters changed, we have to
re-calibrate this technology to match the designed product.
- This re-calibration can't be considered as a
technology change because industrial technology is not more than an
Engineering guide to achieve the required specification of the designed
product.
- To calibrate any industrial technology, we should
make a documented copy of manufacturing experiments until matching the
final product specifications based on original technology, new changed
parameters and scientific basics.
- Finally, documentation of the new change should be
done to the original industrial technology for that new case as a new
addition.
- Any application of industrial technology for 1st
time or after a long time stop,Technology processes should be tested by a
primary samples triers as a Re-calibration process.
Domotics
 |
Home automation (also called domotics) is a field within building automation, specializing in the specific automation requirements of private homes and in the application of automation techniques for the comfort and security of its residents. Although many techniques used in building automation (such as light and climate control, control of doors and window shutters, security and surveillance systems, etc.) are also used in home automation, additional functions in home automation include the control of multi-media home entertainment systems, automatic plant watering and pet feeding, and automatic scenes for dinners and parties.
The main
difference between building automation and home automation is, however, the
human interface. In home automation, ergonomics is of particular importance:
the control should be largely image-based and self-explanatory.
When home
automation is installed during construction of a new home, usually control
wires are added before the drywall is installed. These control wires run to a
controller, which will then control the environment.
Technologies
IP - Protocole de transmission de l’Internet
Les
technologies IP servent à intégrer un nombre croissant d’utilisateurs,
d’applications, d’équipements divers et des services. Ce sont des stratégies de
déploiements qui favorisent collaboration et échange de ressources à l’échelle
mondiale.
[protocole][protocole
(Internet)] Internet Protocol. protocole de transmission de l’Internet, décrit
aussi les adresses du réseau. Une adresse IP est un groupe de quatre nombres,
qui sont quatre octets, séparés par des points. Les adresses IP sont donc codées
sur 32 bits. Voir IPv6, PPP, protocole, SLIP, TCP/IP. Voir aussi datagramme
Articles liés
à celui-ci :
6bone,
adresse, adresse IP, ARIN, ARP, DHCP, DHCP, domain name server, FCIP, H.323,
intranaute, IPAH, IPOAC, IPv4, IPv6, iSCSI, IS-IS, jumbogram, layering, lookup,
MacTCP, MPLS, NIS, nom de domaine, paquet, PPP, protocole, RAIN, RFC, RFC,
SLIP, SNA, SNPP, traceroute, VLSM, voIP, XYZ-modem.
Les articles
sur le TCP/IP de Thot , les deux protocoles de communication qui forment les
fondements de l’Internet.
Les articles
sur IPV6 de Thot , la nouvelle version d’IP qui devrait permettre de dépasser
la limite des 4 milliards d’adresses.
Les articles
sur la Voix sur IP de Thot , le téléphone sur l’Internet.
À titre
d’exemples d’applications :
Le service
d’abonnement à l’édition intégrale de Thot : par serveur mandataire IPPour les
institutions, bibliothèques, centres de documentation et intranets.
The industrial revolution was a time of great imagination
and progress. The inventions that allowed new products to be manufactured
created a demand that caused a vicious cycle that propelled some people to
prosperity, while at the same time held people down in poverty. It was almost
never the intent of the inventors, scientists, and other brilliant people to
cause such a chasm between the working class and the industrial machine, but it
was, nonetheless, created.
The role of government today in regulating industry is
geared more towards protecting the worker. Back in the early days of the
industrial revolution the opposite was the norm. Life for people who worked in
factories and mills often had despicable wages and working conditions. Workers
finally had to ban together to improve their wages and working conditions and
this often resulted in violent confrontations. Some of these issues still exist
today. Some may argue the industrial revolution is still happening, but is it?
